致中国投资者For Chinese investors

马达加斯加投资指南Investing in Madagascar

中国投资者实用手册:考察、签证、注册公司、长期居留A practical guide for Chinese investors: visit, visa, company, residence

2026年10月October 2026 · WeChat innovmada · WhatsApp +261 38 84 134 00
  1. 1 第 1 步 · 抵达当天Step 1 · Arrival day 旅游签证入境考察Enter on a tourist visa
  2. 2 第 2 步 · 最长 90 天Step 2 · Up to 90 days 在当地延期签证Extend the visa locally
  3. 3 第 3 步 · 通常数日Step 3 · Usually a few days 通过 EDBM 注册公司Register the company at EDBM
  4. 4 第 4 步 · 回到中国Step 4 · Back in China 在北京使馆申请可转换签证Get a transformable visa in Beijing
  5. 5 第 5 步 · 入境后 1 个月内Step 5 · Within 1 month of entry 转为长期投资者签证和居留卡Convert to an investor visa and resident card

为什么选择马达加斯加Why Madagascar

3 100 万31 M人口(2024),一半人口不满 30 岁inhabitants (2024), half under 30
587 000 km²世界第四大岛,海岸线约 5 000 公里4th largest island, about 5,000 km of coast
3 600 万公顷36 M ha可耕地of arable land
4,2 %实际 GDP 年均增长average real GDP growth
315 000 Ar私营部门月最低工资(2026年10月起)monthly minimum wage from Oct 2026
UTC+3比北京时间晚 5 小时5 hours behind Beijing

来源:EDBM《投资机会》手册(2026年5月)。货币为阿里亚里(MGA),2026年4月参考汇率 1 美元 ≈ 4 130 阿里亚里。官方语言:马达加斯加语、法语。Source: EDBM « Investment opportunities » booklet (May 2026). Currency: ariary (MGA), April 2026 reference rate 1 USD ≈ 4,130 MGA. Official languages: Malagasy and French.

重点行业Priority sectors

农业与农产品加工Agriculture and agribusiness香草、咖啡、胡椒、香料、大米、玉米vanilla, coffee, pepper, spices, rice, maize
可再生能源Renewable energyEDBM 估计可再生能源潜力 7 800 兆瓦,大量水电站址尚未开发,风能条件良好EDBM cites 7,800 MW of potential; many hydro sites are untapped, good wind resources
工业与纺织Industry and textile服装出口、工业园区、免税区企业apparel exports, industrial parks, free-zone companies
矿业Mining钛铁矿、石墨、铝土矿等(手工采矿仅限本国人)ilmenite, graphite, bauxite (artisanal mining is reserved to nationals)
旅游Tourism2025 年接待游客 330 909 人次,同比增长 7.3%330,909 visitors in 2025, up 7.3%
信息通信与外包ICT and outsourcing应用开发、网站、数据处理和其他外包服务app development, websites, data processing and other BPO
基础设施Infrastructure道路、港口、物流、公私合营项目roads, ports, logistics, PPP projects

贸易与投资协定Trade and investment agreements

  • 中马双边投资保护协定(2005 年签署,2007 年生效):投资争议可援引该协定解决China–Madagascar bilateral investment treaty (signed 2005, in force 2007): investment disputes can be settled under it
  • 欧盟经济伙伴关系协定:马达加斯加产品免关税、免配额进入欧盟EU Economic Partnership Agreement: Malagasy goods enter the EU duty-free and quota-free
  • 南部非洲发展共同体(SADC)、东南非共同市场(COMESA)、非洲大陆自贸区SADC, COMESA and the African Continental Free Trade Area
  • 中国对马达加斯加 100% 税目产品零关税(2024 年 12 月起)China grants Madagascar zero duty on 100% of tariff lines (since December 2024)
  • 注意:中马之间暂无避免双重征税协定Note: there is no China–Madagascar double-taxation treaty

2023-002 号投资法的保障Guarantees under Investment Law 2023-002

  • 外国人可 100% 持股;仅淘金、手工采矿、小规模捕捞保留给本国人Foreigners may own 100% of a company; only gold panning, artisanal mining and small-scale fishing are reserved to nationals
  • 外国投资者与本国投资者同等待遇、公平公正待遇Equal treatment with national investors, fair and equitable treatment
  • 除公共利益外不得征收,且须事先给予公平补偿No expropriation except for public utility, with fair prior compensation
  • 利润、股息、特许权使用费和外籍员工工资可自由汇出Profits, dividends, royalties and expatriate salaries can be transferred abroad freely
  • 税收和海关优惠只能由法律规定,不能个案给予Tax and customs incentives are set by law only, never case by case

中国与马达加斯加China and Madagascar

  • 2025 年中马双边贸易额 16.7 亿美元(中国外交部)。中国主要出口纺织纱线、电子产品和机械,主要进口矿产和农产品。China–Madagascar trade reached USD 1.67 bn in 2025 (Chinese MFA). China mainly sells yarn, electronics and machinery, and buys minerals and farm products.
  • 2017 年 3 月签署共建“一带一路”谅解备忘录;2024 年 9 月两国关系提升为全面战略合作伙伴关系。Belt and Road MoU signed in March 2017; relations upgraded to a comprehensive strategic partnership in September 2024.
  • 自 2024 年 12 月 1 日起,中国对包括马达加斯加在内的最不发达国家 100% 税目产品实行零关税。每种产品仍需海关总署(GACC)准入议定书和出口企业注册;已签议定书的包括香草、羊肉、野生水产品和花生。Since 1 December 2024 China applies zero duty on 100% of tariff lines for least-developed countries, including Madagascar. Each product still needs a GACC access protocol and exporter registration; protocols already signed include vanilla, sheep meat, wild aquatic products and peanuts.
  • 中国企业已在建筑、矿业、经济作物、农产品加工和纺织等领域开展业务。Chinese companies already operate in construction, mining, cash crops, agro-processing and textile.

重点行业Priority sectors

01矿业Mining

机会与数据Opportunity

  • Ambatovy 镍钴项目:2025 年约 29 000 吨镍、2 700 吨钴Ambatovy: about 29,000 t nickel and 2,700 t cobalt in 2025
  • QMM 钛铁矿:2025 年约 24 万吨钛精矿;石墨年产约 8 万吨QMM ilmenite: about 240,000 t of titanium concentrate in 2025; graphite about 80,000 t a year
  • EDBM 列出的资源:Ranobe 钛砂 14 亿吨、Sakoa 煤 13 亿吨、Soalala 铁矿 8 亿吨、Manantenina 铝土矿 6 000 万吨Resources listed by EDBM: Ranobe ilmenite sands 1.4 Bt, Sakoa coal 1.3 Bt, Soalala iron 800 Mt, Manantenina bauxite 60 Mt

外国投资者须知Rules for foreign investors

  • 《矿业法》2023-007:矿权须由马达加斯加法人公司持有,至少一名常住代表Mining Code 2023-007: permits are held by a Malagasy-law company with at least one resident representative
  • 勘探许可 PR 5 年(可续 2 次各 3 年);开采许可 PE 25 年(可续 15 年)Research permit (PR) 5 years, renewable twice for 3 years; exploitation permit (PE) 25 years, renewable for 15
  • 矿产税费为出口 FOB 价的 5%;在当地加工可减免 30%Mining royalty of 5% of FOB export value, reduced by 30% for ore processed locally
  • 通过招标取得的矿权,国家无偿持股 10%;手工采矿和淘金仅限本国人;宝石须经持牌出口商出口The State takes a free 10% stake when a permit is won by tender; artisanal mining and gold panning are reserved to nationals; gemstones are exported only through licensed comptoirs
  • 暂停 16 年的新矿权发放已于 2026 年 1 月 29 日恢复,黄金除外New permits resumed on 29 January 2026 after a 16-year freeze, except for gold

具体机会Openings

  • 石墨电池负极材料,当地加工享受税费减免Graphite for battery anodes, with local processing for the royalty reduction
  • EDBM 推介的钛铁矿、煤炭和铝土矿项目Ilmenite, coal and bauxite projects promoted by EDBM
02渔业与水产养殖Fisheries and aquaculture

机会与数据Opportunity

  • 专属经济区 114 万平方公里,海岸线 5 603 公里Exclusive economic zone of 1.14 M km², 5,603 km of coastline
  • 2023 年水产品出口超过 32 000 吨(金枪鱼罐头、对虾、海参等)Over 32,000 t of fishery products exported in 2023 (canned tuna, shrimp, sea cucumber…)
  • 养殖对虾年产约 4 400 吨,潜力 54 000–62 000 吨,适宜场地仅利用 11%Farmed shrimp about 4,400 t a year against a 54,000–62,000 t potential; only 11% of suitable sites used
  • 红藻养殖 2 200–2 500 公顷,中国是全球最大红藻进口国2,200–2,500 ha of red seaweed farms; China is the world's largest seaweed importer

外国投资者须知Rules for foreign investors

  • 《渔业和水产养殖法》2015-053:领海内商业捕捞须由马达加斯加法人公司以马国籍渔船进行Fisheries Code 2015-053: commercial fishing in territorial waters requires a Malagasy-law company and Malagasy-flagged vessels
  • 小规模捕捞(15 马力以下)仅限本国人Small-scale fishing (boats under 15 hp) is reserved to nationals
  • 需渔业部登记、卫生主管机构 ASH 认证和 ONE 环境许可Needs ministry registration, ASH health approval and an ONE environmental permit

具体机会Openings

  • 对虾养殖、海参和红藻“公司 + 农户”模式,面向中国市场Shrimp, sea cucumber and seaweed farming with coastal villagers, aimed at China
  • 罗非鱼饲料和鱼苗场(人均鱼消费 7 公斤,目标 11 公斤)Fish feed and hatcheries (consumption 7 kg per person, target 11 kg)
03农业与农产品加工Agriculture and agribusiness

机会与数据Opportunity

  • 香草占全球供应 80% 以上;丁香约占全球出口量 50%;荔枝产量世界第三Over 80% of world vanilla supply; about 50% of world clove exports; 3rd largest lychee producer
  • 大米供不应求:截至 2025 年 11 月进口 73.1 万吨;玉米年缺口约 30 万吨Rice shortfall: 731,000 t imported by November 2025; maize deficit about 300,000 t a year
  • 农业投资区(ZIA)22 万公顷,另有农业园区220,000 ha of agricultural investment zones (ZIA), plus agropoles

外国投资者须知Rules for foreign investors

  • 土地只能长期租赁(最长 99 年)Land by long lease only (up to 99 years)
  • 香草出口受国家监管(2026 年国家回购计划、农户最低收购价)Vanilla exports are state-regulated (2026 buy-back programme, minimum farm-gate prices)
  • 需植物检疫证书;大型农场或工厂需 ONE 环境许可Phytosanitary certificates; ONE environmental permit for large farms or plants

具体机会Openings

  • 在 ZIA 种植大米、玉米、大豆,替代进口Rice, maize and soy in the ZIA zones to replace imports
  • 香料、可可、荔枝加工后出口中国(零关税)Process spices, cocoa or lychees for export to China (zero duty)
04工业与纺织Industry and textile

机会与数据Opportunity

  • 2024 年纺织品对美出口 7.33 亿美元,从业超过 40 万人Textile exports to the US of USD 733 M in 2024, over 400,000 jobs
  • 纺织出口市场:美国 39.4%、法国 21.6%、南非 14.9%、英国 8.2%Textile markets: US 39.4%, France 21.6%, South Africa 14.9%, UK 8.2%
  • 工人月薪约 59 美元,工业电价约 0.166 美元/度(EDBM 纺织指南 2024)Labour about USD 59 a month, electricity about USD 0.166/kWh (EDBM textile guide 2024)
  • 经济特区:Andrakaka 260 公顷、Ehoala 400 公顷、Moramanga 680 公顷Special economic zones: Andrakaka 260 ha, Ehoala 400 ha, Moramanga 680 ha

外国投资者须知Rules for foreign investors

  • 免税区企业(2007-037 号法):EDBM 纺织指南所列优惠为前 3 年免关税和所得税,之后 10%;出口增值税 0%。该法正在修订Free-zone companies (Law 2007-037): per the EDBM textile guide, no duty or income tax for 3 years, then 10%; 0% VAT on exports. The law is being revised
  • 流程:EDBM 注册公司 → ONE 环境许可 → 市政建筑许可 → 工商部经营许可 → 免税区资格Steps: company at EDBM → ONE environmental permit → building permit → trade ministry operating licence → free-zone approval

具体机会Openings

  • 一体化纺织产业链,面向欧盟和南非(SADC)市场Integrated textile chains for the EU and South Africa (SADC)
  • 在工业园区生产食品、建材等进口替代产品Import-substitution plants (food, building materials) in the industrial parks
05能源Energy

机会与数据Opportunity

  • 2023 年电力普及率约 34%,农村仅 15–16.5%;目标 2030 年达到 70%Electricity access about 34% in 2023, only 15–16.5% in rural areas; target 70% by 2030
  • 水电潜力约 7 800 兆瓦,年日照约 2 800 小时About 7,800 MW of hydro potential and 2,800 hours of sun a year

外国投资者须知Rules for foreign investors

  • 《电力法》2017-020,监管机构 ARELEC;独立发电商与国家电力公司 JIRAMA 签订购电协议Electricity Code 2017-020, regulator ARELEC; independent producers sign power purchase agreements with the utility JIRAMA
  • 发电项目需 ONE 环境许可Power plants need an ONE environmental permit

具体机会Openings

  • 工厂屋顶光伏和自发自用电站Rooftop and self-consumption solar for factories
  • 农村光伏储能微电网、矿区以光伏替代柴油Solar-battery mini-grids in rural areas; solar instead of diesel at mines
06服务业:数字、旅游、物流Services: digital, tourism, logistics

机会与数据Opportunity

  • 2023 年数字服务出口 4.02 亿美元,外包行业就业约 45 000 人,法语人才充足Digital services exports of USD 402 M in 2023, about 45,000 BPO jobs, French-speaking workforce
  • 2025 年国际游客 330 909 人次,目标 2030 年 100 万人次;EDBM 推介 15 个酒店用地330,909 visitors in 2025, target 1 million by 2030; EDBM lists 15 hotel sites
  • 图阿马西纳港承担约 80% 的外贸,扩建工程新增 470 米、水深 16 米的码头Toamasina port handles about 80% of trade; its extension adds a 470 m quay, 16 m deep

外国投资者须知Rules for foreign investors

  • 电信全面开放;酒店须经 EDBM 取得事先意见和开业许可Telecoms are fully liberalised; hotels need a prior opinion and an opening licence through EDBM
  • 外国人从事零售或进出口贸易的具体规定,请向工商部(MIC)确认Check the specific rules for foreigners in retail or import trade with the trade ministry (MIC)

具体机会Openings

  • 呼叫中心和数据服务、酒店度假村、仓储物流、建筑工程Call centres and data services, resorts, warehousing and logistics, construction

数据来源:EDBM 投资手册(2026年5月)和经济年鉴(2025)、各行业法律、IISD(2026)及当地媒体。所有项目均需 ONE 环境许可(2025-080 号法令)。Sources: EDBM booklet (May 2026) and Yearbook (2025), sector laws, IISD (2026) and local press. Every project needs an ONE environmental permit (Decree 2025-080).

进入南部非洲市场:SADC 自贸区Gateway to southern Africa: the SADC market

在马达加斯加设厂或加工,产品可按南部非洲发展共同体(SADC)自由贸易区规则,以零关税或低关税出口到南部非洲市场,包括南非、坦桑尼亚、莫桑比克、毛里求斯、赞比亚等国。马达加斯加 2005 年加入 SADC,是自贸区成员国,已完成关税减让。Produce or process in Madagascar and export duty-free or at reduced duty to southern Africa under the SADC Free Trade Area, including South Africa, Tanzania, Mozambique, Mauritius and Zambia. Madagascar joined SADC in 2005, is a member of its Free Trade Area and has completed its tariff phase-down.

16SADC 成员国SADC member states
≈ 4.3 亿≈ 430 M人口(2026 年估计)people (2026 estimate)
≈ 9 570 亿美元≈ USD 957 bn名义 GDP(2026 年估计)nominal GDP (2026 estimate)
2008自贸区启动,2012 年基本完成关税减让FTA launched; tariff cuts essentially completed in 2012

来源:SADC 秘书处(invest.sadc.int、sadc.int),人口和 GDP 为 2026 年估计值。SADC 官方最近公布:2021 年 GDP 7 540 亿美元,占撒哈拉以南非洲的 39%。Sources: SADC Secretariat (invest.sadc.int, sadc.int); population and GDP are 2026 estimates. Latest official SADC figure: GDP of USD 754 bn in 2021, 39% of Sub-Saharan Africa.

SADC 16 个成员国The 16 SADC member states

  • 南非South Africa
  • 博茨瓦纳Botswana
  • 纳米比亚Namibia
  • 莱索托Lesotho
  • 埃斯瓦蒂尼Eswatini
  • 莫桑比克Mozambique
  • 坦桑尼亚Tanzania
  • 赞比亚Zambia
  • 津巴布韦Zimbabwe
  • 马拉维Malawi
  • 毛里求斯Mauritius
  • 塞舌尔Seychelles
  • 马达加斯加Madagascar
  • 安哥拉Angola
  • 刚果(金)DR Congo
  • 科摩罗Comoros

已实施自贸区关税减让Applies the FTA tariff cuts尚未参加自贸区Not yet in the FTA待确认To be confirmed

如何利用 SADC 自贸区How to use the SADC Free Trade Area

  1. 在马达加斯加注册公司,建厂或建立加工线(可申请免税区企业资格)Register a company in Madagascar and set up a factory or processing line (free-zone status is possible)
  2. 确保产品符合 SADC 原产地规则(见下)Make sure the product meets the SADC rules of origin (below)
  3. 向马达加斯加海关申请 SADC 原产地证书(可电子办理)Get a SADC certificate of origin from Malagasy customs (electronic certificates exist)
  4. 直接运往自贸区成员国,按优惠税率清关Ship directly to the FTA member and clear customs at the preferential rate

适合的项目类型Projects that fit

  • 农产品加工:香料、咖啡、水果、油料等本地原料,原产地清楚Agro-processing of local raw materials (spices, coffee, fruit, oilseeds): origin is straightforward
  • 水产品加工:本地捕捞或养殖的海产品Seafood processing of locally caught or farmed products
  • 纺织服装:在当地完成裁剪缝制,面向南非等市场Textile and apparel made locally (cutting and sewing), for markets such as South Africa
  • 建材和矿产初加工:使用本地矿产和原料Building materials and first-stage mineral processing using local inputs
  • 有实质增值的制造和组装(按产品规则核算本地增值)Manufacturing or assembly with real local value added (checked against the product rule)

原产地规则Rules of origin

  • 完全获得:在 SADC 国家种植、开采、捕捞、养殖的产品Wholly obtained: grown, mined, fished or raised in a SADC country
  • 充分加工:按产品具体规则,例如非原产材料不超过出厂价的 60%,或增值不低于出厂价的 35%,或税号发生改变Sufficiently processed: product-specific rules, e.g. non-originating materials at most 60% of the ex-factory price, or value added at least 35%, or a change of tariff heading
  • 简单包装、贴标、混合、简单组装等操作不能取得原产地资格Simple packaging, labelling, mixing or simple assembly do not confer origin
  • 货物须从成员国直接运往另一成员国Goods must be shipped directly from one member state to another
  • 所需文件:出口报关单、发票、原材料来源证明,必要时提供会计师签署的成本证明Documents: export declaration, invoice, proof of raw-material origin and, where needed, a costing certificate signed by an accountant

同一个生产基地还可利用:欧盟经济伙伴关系协定(免关税、免配额进入欧盟)和东南非共同市场(COMESA)自贸区。The same production base can also use the EU Economic Partnership Agreement (duty-free, quota-free access to the EU) and the COMESA Free Trade Area.

投资路线图:五个步骤The path in five steps

  1. 第 1 步 · 抵达当天Step 1 · Arrival day

    旅游签证入境考察Enter on a tourist visa

    中国护照可在机场办理落地签,或提前在线申请电子签证(evisamada-mg.com)。用于市场考察、会见合作伙伴、看场地。Chinese passports get a visa on arrival at Ivato airport, or an e-visa online in advance (evisamada-mg.com). Use this trip to study the market, meet partners and visit sites.

  2. 第 2 步 · 最长 90 天Step 2 · Up to 90 days

    在当地延期签证Extend the visa locally

    旅游签证可在移民局/警察局延期,累计停留不超过 3 个月。注意:旅游签证和商务签证都不能在当地转为长期签证。The tourist visa can be extended at the immigration police, for a total stay of up to 3 months. Note: tourist and business visas can never be converted into a long-stay visa inside Madagascar.

  3. 第 3 步 · 通常数日Step 3 · Usually a few days

    通过 EDBM 注册公司Register the company at EDBM

    在经济发展委员会(EDBM)一站式窗口注册公司(可在线办理),取得章程、商业注册(RCS)、统计号(STAT)、税号(NIF),并在当地银行开户。公司至少一名法定经理须常住马达加斯加。股东结构(个人或中国母公司持股、当地经理)请在递件前与 EDBM 确认。Register the company at the EDBM one-stop shop (online filing is possible) and obtain the articles, trade register (RCS), statistical number (STAT) and tax number (NIF), then open a local bank account. At least one legal manager must reside in Madagascar. Agree the shareholding structure (you personally or a Chinese parent company, plus a resident manager) with EDBM before filing.

  4. 第 4 步 · 回到中国Step 4 · Back in China

    在北京使馆申请可转换签证Get a transformable visa in Beijing

    持公司文件、商业计划、经认证的无犯罪记录证明,到马达加斯加驻华大使馆(北京,中国境内唯一的马方使领馆)申请一个月期“可转换签证”。With the company file, a business plan and a legalised criminal record, apply at the Embassy of Madagascar in Beijing (the only Malagasy mission in China) for a one-month "transformable" visa.

  5. 第 5 步 · 入境后 1 个月内Step 5 · Within 1 month of entry

    转为长期投资者签证和居留卡Convert to an investor visa and resident card

    持可转换签证入境后,在一个月内向 EDBM 递交长期投资者签证申请,本人到场录入生物信息,领取签证和居留卡。配偶和子女可申请家庭团聚签证。After entering on the transformable visa, file the long-stay investor visa at EDBM within one month, in person with biometrics, then collect the visa and resident card. Spouse and children can apply for family visas.

签证详解Visas in detail

旅游签证(落地签 / 电子签证)Tourist visa (on arrival / e-visa)

停留期限Length of stay欧元EUR美元USD
1–15 天1–15 days3035
16–30 天16–30 days3541
31–60 天31–60 days4047
61–90 天61–90 days5059

电子签证官方价格(evisamada-mg.com,2026年10月7日查询)。机场落地签价格大致相同,可用美元、欧元或阿里亚里现金支付。Official e-visa prices (evisamada-mg.com, checked 7 Oct 2026). Visa on arrival costs about the same and can be paid in USD, EUR or ariary cash.

入境所需材料What to bring

  • 护照有效期自入境起至少 6 个月,至少 2 页空白页Passport valid at least 6 months after arrival, with 2 blank pages
  • 返程或离境机票Return or onward ticket
  • 酒店预订(延期时通常需要住址证明)Hotel booking (proof of address is usually asked when extending)
  • 黄热病疫苗接种证书(经埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚转机时建议携带)Yellow fever certificate (recommended when connecting via Ethiopia or Kenya)

延期Extension

旅游签证可在警察局 / 移民局(塔那那利佛 Anosy)延期,累计停留最长 90 天。超过 90 天必须出境。旅游签证和商务签证不能在境内转为长期签证。The tourist visa can be extended at the police / immigration office (Anosy, Antananarivo), for a total stay of 90 days at most. After 90 days you must leave. Tourist and business visas cannot be converted into a long-stay visa in-country.

可转换签证:马达加斯加驻华大使馆Transformable visa: Embassy of Madagascar in Beijing

马达加斯加共和国驻华大使馆Embassy of the Republic of Madagascar in China 北京市朝阳区三里屯东街3号No. 3 San Li Tun Dong Jie, Chaoyang District, Beijing +86 10 6532 1353

办公时间、签证费和材料清单未在网上公布,递交前请先致电确认。Opening hours, fees and the document list are not published online. Call before you apply.

使馆通常要求的材料Documents embassies usually ask for

  • 护照原件及复印件(有效期 6 个月以上)Passport and copy (valid 6+ months)
  • 证件照(3.5 × 4.5 cm)ID photo (3.5 × 4.5 cm)
  • 往返机票或订座单Return ticket or booking
  • 黄热病疫苗接种证书Yellow fever certificate
  • 无犯罪记录证明(3 个月内,经外交部和使馆认证)Criminal record under 3 months old, legalised by China MFA and the embassy
  • 商业计划书和投资项目说明Business plan and a note presenting the project
  • 公司文件:章程、商业注册(RCS)、税号(NIF)Company documents: articles, RCS, NIF
  • 马达加斯加银行出具的开户证明Bank account attestation from a Malagasy bank

以上为马达加斯加驻外使馆通常要求的材料,北京使馆的正式清单以使馆答复为准。马达加斯加不是《海牙认证公约》缔约国,中国文件需办理领事认证(外交部或省外办 → 马方使馆),并由宣誓翻译译成法语。This is the list Malagasy embassies usually ask for; the Beijing embassy's own list prevails. Madagascar is not party to the Apostille Convention, so Chinese documents need consular legalisation (China MFA or provincial office, then the Malagasy embassy) and a sworn translation into French.

长期投资者签证和居留卡(EDBM)Long-stay investor visa and resident card (EDBM)

申请材料Documents

  • 6 张近期证件照6 recent ID photos
  • 致内政部长的签名申请书Signed, reasoned request to the Minister of the Interior
  • EDBM 信息表和宣誓声明EDBM information form and sworn statement
  • 护照前 3 页复印件Copy of the first 3 pages of the passport
  • 居住证明(由所在 Fokontany 基层行政区出具)Certificate of residence from the local Fokontany
  • 外国人登记证明(警察局或区政府)Foreigners' register certificate (Préfecture de Police or District)
  • 公司章程、STAT 卡、3 个月内的 RCS 摘录、NIF 税卡Articles, STAT card, RCS extract under 3 months, NIF tax card
  • 当地银行开户证明、公司开业资产负债表Local bank attestation and the company's opening balance sheet
  • 首次申请:6 个月内中国无犯罪记录原件 + 带入境章的可转换签证复印件First application: original Chinese criminal record under 6 months + copy of the transformable visa with entry stamp

官方收费Official fees

获批期限Stay granted签证费Visa fee居留卡费Resident card
3 个月 – 1 年3 months – 1 year292 500 Ar300 €
1 – 2 年1 – 2 years292 500 Ar400 €
2 – 3 年2 – 3 years292 500 Ar533,57 €
3 – 5 年3 – 5 years390 000 Ar609,80 €
5 – 10 年5 – 10 years487 500 Ar838,47 €
永久Permanent487 500 Ar300 €

EDBM 官方收费(2026年6月)。居留卡费按央行当月汇率以阿里亚里支付。签证期限由主管部门决定。递件时间:周一至周四 8:30–11:30;领证:周一至周五 13:30–16:00。Official EDBM fees (June 2026). The resident card fee is paid in ariary at the central bank's monthly rate. The authority decides the length granted. Filing: Mon–Thu 8:30–11:30; collection: Mon–Fri 13:30–16:00.

需要知道的规定Rules to know

  • 法律依据:2023-002 号投资法第 11 条,任何持有当地公司股份的外国股东均可申请投资者签证。法律未规定最低投资额。Legal basis: Investment Law 2023-002, art. 11. Any foreign shareholder of a local company can apply for the investor visa. The law sets no minimum investment.
  • 不再是股东时,投资者身份自动失效。The investor status ends automatically if the person stops being a shareholder.
  • 续签须在到期前 3 个月提交,需马达加斯加无犯罪记录(B3)。Renewal must be filed 3 months before expiry, with a Malagasy criminal record (B3).
  • 外籍技术员工不得超过公司员工总数的 20%,须办理工作签证和劳动许可。Foreign skilled staff may not exceed 20% of the workforce, and need a worker visa and work permit.
  • 配偶和未成年子女申请家庭团聚签证,期限不超过主申请人。Spouse and children apply for a family visa, never longer than the main holder's.

注册公司Registering a company

公司形式Legal forms

  • SARL / SARLU(有限责任公司 / 一人有限公司):最常见,无法定最低资本SARL / SARLU (limited company / single-member): the most common, no legal minimum capital
  • SA / SAU(股份有限公司):适合大型项目,最低资本 1 000 万阿里亚里SA / SAU (public limited company): for larger projects, minimum capital MGA 10 million
  • 分公司或联络处:中国母公司直接设立Branch or liaison office: opened directly by the Chinese parent company

主要材料Main documents

  • 公司章程 2 份,全体股东每页签字Articles of association, 2 copies, initialled and signed by all shareholders
  • 经理和股东的身份证件(外国人:护照)ID of managers and shareholders (foreigners: passport)
  • 办公场所租赁合同及业主产权证明,或注册地址托管合同Office lease with the owner's property documents, or a domiciliation contract
  • Fokontany 盖章的位置图Location plan stamped by the Fokontany
  • 中国母公司持股:母公司章程和营业执照的法语译本Chinese parent company as shareholder: its articles and business licence in French
  • 特殊行业须事先取得行业许可Regulated activities need a sector licence first

官方费用Official fees

项目Item官方费用Official fee
章程登记Registration of articles注册资本的 0.5%(最低 20 000 Ar)0.5% of capital (min. 20,000 Ar)
租赁合同登记Registration of the lease租期总租金的 2%(最低 20 000 Ar)2% of total rent (min. 20,000 Ar)
商业注册 RCSTrade register (RCS)16 000 Ar
统计卡 STATStatistics card (STAT)40 000 Ar
预缴所得税(一般企业)Advance income tax (general)1 000 000 Ar
预缴所得税(农业、工业、酒店、矿业等)Advance income tax (agri, industry, hotel, mining…)500 000 Ar

EDBM《公司注册》第 28 版(2026年7月)。材料齐全、缴费后 2 天领取文件。网上办理:orinasa.edbm.mg。EDBM « Company creation » sheet v28 (July 2026). Documents are issued 2 days after payment of a complete file. Online: orinasa.edbm.mg.

主管机构The authority

马达加斯加经济发展委员会(EDBM)Economic Development Board of Madagascar (EDBM) Immeuble EDBM, Avenue Général Gabriel Ramanantsoa, Antaninarenina, Antananarivo 101 +261 20 22 670 40 · +261 20 22 681 21 · [email protected] · www.edbm.mg

行业许可和部委批准Sector licences and ministry approvals

除公司注册外,很多行业还需要主管部门的许可(agrément / licence)。EDBM 在线公布受监管行业清单(orinasa.edbm.mg/regulatedActivities),注册公司时会一并告知。Beyond company registration, many activities need a licence or approval from the competent authority. EDBM publishes the list of regulated activities online (orinasa.edbm.mg/regulatedActivities) and flags it at registration.

行业Activity许可Licence发证机构Issued by
进出口、工业Import/export, industry经营活动申报、场所证明和平面图Declaration of activities, proof and plans of premises税务部门Tax administration
批发Wholesale事先批准Prior authorisation大区税务局Regional tax director
酒类Alcohol一类(批发)或二类(零售)执照Licence 1st category (wholesale) or 2nd (retail)大区税务局Regional tax director
酒店、餐厅Hotels, restaurants开业许可Opening authorisation旅游部(经 EDBM)Tourism ministry (via EDBM)
旅行社Travel agenciesA 类或 B 类执照Licence A or B旅游部Tourism ministry
矿业Mining勘探 PR、开采 PEResearch PR, exploitation PE矿业地籍局 BCMMMining cadastre BCMM
渔业Fisheries捕捞许可;出口卫生认证Fishing licence; export health approval渔业部;ASHFisheries ministry; ASH
动植物进出口Animal / plant trade兽医许可、植物检疫证书Veterinary permit, phytosanitary certificate农业畜牧部Agriculture & livestock ministry
林业Forestry采伐许可(红木、乌木禁止采伐和出口)Logging permit (rosewood and ebony banned)环境部Environment ministry
诊所、药房Clinics, pharmacy开业许可;药剂师公会登记Opening authorisation; Order of Pharmacists卫生部Health ministry
私立学校Private schools开办许可Opening authorisation教育部Education ministry
租车、客运Car hire, passenger transportC 类执照、运营执照Licence C, operating licence陆路运输局 ATTLand transport agency ATT
电信、广播Telecom, broadcasting执照LicenceARTECARTEC
发电Power generation授权、特许或申报(按装机容量)Authorisation, concession or declaration (by capacity)能源部 / ARELECEnergy ministry / ARELEC
银行、保险Banking, insurance执照Licence金融监管委员会 CSBFBanking supervisor CSBF

来源:EDBM 受监管行业清单、MOFCOM《对外投资合作国别指南·马达加斯加》(2025)。具体材料以主管部门为准。Sources: EDBM list of regulated activities; MOFCOM country guide (2025). The authority's own list of documents prevails.

环境许可(所有项目)Environmental permit (every project)

  • 依据 2025-080 号法令(MECIE),国家环境办公室 ONE 在 30 天内对项目分类Under Decree 2025-080 (MECIE), the national environment office ONE classifies the project within 30 days
  • A 类:完整环境与社会影响评估(EIES),ONE 颁发环境许可后方可开工;最长 60 个工作日,需公开听证的大型项目最长 180 个工作日Category A: full environmental and social impact study (EIES); works start only after ONE issues the permit; at most 60 working days, 180 for large projects with a public hearing
  • B 类:环境与社会承诺计划(PREES),由行业部委环境部门在 45 天内批准Category B: environmental commitment plan (PREES), approved by the sector ministry's environment unit within 45 days
  • C 类:简化要求Category C: simplified obligations

免税区企业Free-zone companies

出口型项目可向 EDBM 申请免税区资格(madazef.edbm.mg,500 欧元,材料齐全后 20 天内批复),由跨部委技术委员会审查并现场核查。Export projects can apply to EDBM for free-zone status (madazef.edbm.mg, €500, decision within 20 days of a complete file), reviewed by an inter-ministerial committee with a site visit.

报税Filing taxes

马达加斯加税务总局(DGI)负责征税。公司注册后取得税号(NIF)和税卡(carte fiscale),之后按月和按年申报。The tax office (DGI) collects taxes. After registration the company holds a tax number (NIF) and tax card, then files monthly and yearly returns.

税号和税卡Tax number and tax card

  • 公司成立时在线登记,取得税号;每类经营活动、每个经营场所一张税卡,须在经营场所明显处展示Registered online at creation; one tax card per activity and per establishment, displayed at the premises
  • 税卡每年随年度申报更新,前提是所有税务义务已履行;可在线打印,效力相同The card is renewed each year with the annual return, only if all taxes are up to date; the printed online version is valid
  • 不履行义务可能导致税卡被冻结Non-compliance can get the card blocked
  • 2026 年起:持投资者签证的外国人出境前须出示完税证明New in 2026: foreigners holding an investor visa must show a tax-compliance certificate before leaving the country

在线办理Online services

  • e-HETRA(e-hetra.impots.mg):在线申报和缴税e-HETRA (e-hetra.impots.mg): online filing and payment
  • NIFONLINE:增值税附表(供应商和客户清单)NIFONLINE: VAT annexes (supplier and client lists)
  • Hetraphone:手机钱包缴税;税务表格和法规见 impots.mgHetraphone: tax payment by mobile money; forms and codes on impots.mg

税制Tax regimes

  • 营业额 ≥ 4 亿 Ar:实际利润制,所得税 20% + 增值税 20%;2 亿至 4 亿 Ar 可选择Turnover ≥ 400 M Ar: real regime, income tax 20% + VAT 20%; optional from 200 M Ar
  • 营业额 < 4 亿 Ar:综合税(Impôt Synthétique)5%,3 月 31 日和 6 月 30 日前分期缴纳Turnover < 400 M Ar: synthetic tax 5%, paid in instalments by 31 March and 30 June
  • 即使亏损也须缴纳最低税:50 万或 100 万 Ar + 营业额的 1%Minimum tax due even at a loss: 500,000 or 1,000,000 Ar + 1% of turnover
申报Return期限Deadline
增值税、员工个税 IRSA、股息利息税 IRCM、非居民预提税VAT, payroll tax IRSA, dividend/interest tax IRCM, non-resident withholding每月 15 日前By the 15th of each month
所得税预缴Income tax instalments每两个月一次,第二个月 15 日前Every two months, by the 15th of the second month
年度所得税申报和财务报表(12 月 31 日结账)Annual income tax return and financial statements (31 Dec year end)5 月 15 日前By 15 May
其他结账日Other year ends结账后第 4 个月 15 日前15th day of the 4th month after year end
第三方交易申报(droit de communication)Third-party statements (droit de communication)6 月 30 日前Before 30 June
社保 CNaPS 和医疗 OSTIE/SMIESocial security CNaPS and health OSTIE/SMIE按月在线申报(e-CNaPS)Monthly, online (e-CNaPS)

来源:DGI《2026 年税务日历》、《税收程序法》2026。会计准则为 PCG 2005,财务报表须在线上传。Sources: DGI 2026 tax calendar, tax procedures code 2026. Accounting standard: PCG 2005; financial statements are also uploaded online.

员工月应税收入(Ar)Employee monthly taxable income (Ar)IRSA 税率IRSA rate
≤ 350 0000 %
350 001 – 400 0005 %
400 001 – 500 00010 %
500 001 – 600 00015 %
600 001 – 4 000 00020 %
> 4 000 00025 %

2026 年财政法(2025-021 号法)新增 25% 档。最低 IRSA 3 000 Ar。外籍居民就全球收入纳税。Finance law 2026 (Law 2025-021) added the 25% band. Minimum IRSA 3,000 Ar. Resident expatriates are taxed on worldwide income.

股息Dividends

2026 年起,股息按 20% 征收 IRCM,但应税基数减半,实际税率为股息总额的 10%,为最终税。中马之间没有避免双重征税协定。From 2026 dividends bear IRCM at 20% on half the amount, an effective 10% of the gross dividend, as a final tax. There is no China–Madagascar double-tax treaty.

年营业额Annual turnover未申报罚款(每份)Fine per missing return逾期缴税Late payment
≥ 4 亿 Ar≥ 400 M Ar200 000 Ar首月 3%,之后每月 1%3% first month, then 1%/month
2 亿 – 4 亿 Ar200–400 M Ar100 000 Ar首月 2%,之后每月 1%2% first month, then 1%/month
5 000 万 – 2 亿 Ar50–200 M Ar50 000 Ar每月 1%(1 亿以下)1%/month (below 100 M)
< 5 000 万 Ar< 50 M Ar20 000 Ar每月 1%1%/month

少报或错报:补税额 40% 的罚款。税务稽查:收到通知后 30 天内答复,可在 15 天内向税务委员会申诉;追溯期 3 年。来源:《税法典》2026。Understated returns: 40% of the extra tax. Tax audits: 30 days to answer, 15 days to appeal to the tax commission; 3-year limitation. Source: tax code 2026.

主要税率一览Main rates at a glance

税种Tax税率Rate
企业所得税(营业额 ≥ 4 亿 Ar)Corporate income tax (turnover ≥ 400 M Ar)20 %
最低税Minimum tax营业额的 1% + 50 万或 100 万 Ar1% of turnover + 500,000 or 1,000,000 Ar
综合税(营业额 < 4 亿 Ar)Synthetic tax (turnover < 400 M Ar)营业额 70% 的 5%5% of 70% of turnover
增值税 TVAVAT20%(出口 0%)20% (exports 0%)
进口关税Import duties0 / 5 / 10 / 20 %
社保 CNaPS + 医疗(雇主)Social security CNaPS + health (employer)13 % + 5 %

来源:PwC 税务摘要(2025年11月)、EDBM。2026 年财政法调整了股息税,向中国母公司分红前请向税务总局(DGI,impots.mg)确认现行税率。Sources: PwC tax summary (Nov 2025), EDBM. The 2026 finance law changed dividend taxation: confirm the current rate with the tax office (DGI, impots.mg) before paying dividends to a Chinese parent.

工作签证与员工权利Work visas and workers' rights

外籍员工的工作许可和签证Work permit and visa for foreign staff

  • 第 1 步:雇主在 EDBM 网上平台 e-work.edbm.mg 申请劳动许可,劳动监察部门同时审核劳动合同(马达加斯加法律合同 4 份);费用 100 欧元Step 1: the employer applies online at e-work.edbm.mg; the labour inspector endorses the employment contract (4 copies under Malagasy law); fee €100
  • 第 2 步:员工持劳动许可、合同、公司 RCS 和税卡、无犯罪记录,在北京大使馆申请可转换签证Step 2: with the permit, contract, company RCS and tax card and a criminal record, the employee gets a transformable visa at the Beijing embassy
  • 第 3 步:入境后在 EDBM 申请长期“工作”签证和居留卡(收费同投资者签证);续签时需提供 IRSA 缴税证明Step 3: after arrival, apply at EDBM for the long-stay "worker" visa and resident card (same fees as the investor visa); renewals need proof of IRSA payment
  • 外籍技术员工不得超过公司员工总数的 20%(投资法第 13 条);签证期限不超过劳动许可Skilled foreign staff may not exceed 20% of the workforce (Investment Law art. 13); the visa never outlasts the work permit
  • 非股东的经理、副总经理、董事长等申请“职业签证”(投资法第 12 条),期限不超过任期Non-shareholder managers, deputy directors or board chairs get a "Professional" visa (Investment Law art. 12), limited to their mandate
  • 劳动许可注明岗位和工作地点:更换雇主须重新办理The permit names the post and workplace: a new employer means a new permit

员工权利(《劳动法》2024-014)Workers' rights (Labour Code 2024-014)

项目Topic规定Rule
工作时间Working time每周 40 小时(每月 173.33 小时);每日休息至少 12 小时,每周休息 24 小时(原则上周日)40 h a week (173.33 h a month); 12 h daily rest, 24 h weekly rest (normally Sunday)
加班和夜班Overtime, night work加班须付加班费,费率和上限由法令规定;夜班为 22:00–05:00,上岗前和每年免费体检Overtime is paid at rates and caps set by decree; night work is 22:00–05:00 with a free health check before and every year
带薪年假Paid leave每月 2.5 天(每年 30 天),工作满 12 个月后可休2.5 days per month (30 a year), usable after 12 months
病假Sickness经医生证明,劳动合同可暂停最长 6 个月With a medical certificate the contract is suspended for up to 6 months
产假和陪产假Maternity, paternity产假 14 周(产后 8 周),工资由 CNaPS 和雇主各付 50%;哺乳期每天 1 小时;陪产假 3 天Maternity 14 weeks (8 after birth), pay split 50/50 between CNaPS and employer; 1 h a day for breastfeeding; paternity 3 days
定期合同Fixed-term contract书面,1 个月至 2 年,可续 2 次,总计不超过 6 年;续签 2 次后自动转为无固定期限合同Written, 1 month to 2 years, renewable twice, 6 years at most; becomes permanent after 2 renewals
试用期Trial period须书面约定,最长 6 个月,可续一次Must be in writing, 6 months at most, renewable once
最低年龄和工资Minimum age and wage15 岁;私营部门月最低工资 315 000 Ar(2026年10月起)15 years; private-sector minimum wage 315,000 Ar a month (from Oct 2026)
工资单Payslip必须提供,马达加斯加语或法语;工资类请求时效 12 个月Compulsory, in Malagasy or French; wage claims expire after 12 months
解雇Dismissal须有真实严肃的理由;书面告知理由,至少提前 3 个工作日约谈,员工可由他人陪同;须给予预告期或代通知金Needs a real and serious reason; written reasons, interview with at least 3 working days' notice, employee may be assisted; notice or pay in lieu
经济性裁员Economic redundancy遣散费每满一年 10 天工资,最多 6 个月工资;须咨询员工代表(20 天)并报劳动监察(15 个工作日)Severance of 10 days' pay per full year, capped at 6 months; consult staff delegates (20 days) and the labour inspector (15 working days)
员工代表Staff delegates员工超过 11 人须选举,任期 3 年Elected where there are more than 11 employees, for 3 years
劳动争议Disputes合同存续期间须先到劳动监察部门调解,然后可诉至劳动法庭While the contract runs, conciliation at the labour inspectorate comes first, then the labour court
平等Equality禁止歧视、性骚扰和精神骚扰,包括对外籍员工Discrimination and sexual or moral harassment are prohibited, including towards migrant workers

来源:《劳动法》2024-014。预告期和试用期按职级由实施法令规定,请向劳动监察部门或会计师确认。Source: Labour Code 2024-014. Notice and trial periods by job category are set by implementing decrees: confirm with the labour inspectorate or an accountant.

社保缴费Social contributions雇主Employer员工Employee
CNaPS(养老、工伤、家庭补贴)CNaPS (pension, work accidents, family)13 %1 %
OSTIE / SMIE(职业医疗服务,强制参加)OSTIE / SMIE (workplace health service, compulsory)5 %1 %

缴费基数上限为最低工资的 8 倍(2026年10月起为 2 520 000 Ar)。在线申报:espace.cnaps.mg。Contribution ceiling: 8 times the minimum wage (2,520,000 Ar from Oct 2026). Online: espace.cnaps.mg.

法定节假日Public holidays

每年由法令确定。通常包括:1 月 1 日、3 月 8 日(妇女节,仅女性放假)、3 月 29 日(烈士纪念日)、复活节周一、5 月 1 日、耶稣升天节、圣灵降临节周一、6 月 26 日(独立日)、8 月 15 日、11 月 1 日、12 月 25 日,以及开斋节、宰牲节和选举日。Set each year by decree. They usually include 1 Jan, 8 Mar (Women's Day, women only), 29 Mar (Martyrs' Day), Easter Monday, 1 May, Ascension, Whit Monday, 26 Jun (Independence Day), 15 Aug, 1 Nov, 25 Dec, plus Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and election days.

土地:租用与产权核查Land: leasing and title checks

外国人和外资控股公司不能拥有土地,但可以无需事先批准签订 18 至 99 年、可续期的长期租赁(bail emphytéotique)。长期租赁是一种物权:可以抵押、转让、转租和建房。Foreigners and foreign-controlled companies cannot own land, but may sign a long lease (bail emphytéotique) of 18 to 99 years, renewable, with no prior authorisation. The long lease is a real right: it can be mortgaged, assigned, sublet and built on.

两种产权证明Two kinds of title

  • 土地所有权证(titre foncier):在土地局(Service des Domaines / Conservation foncière)登记,最可靠Land title (titre foncier): registered at the land office (Service des Domaines / Conservation foncière), the safest
  • 土地证书(certificat foncier):由市镇土地窗口(guichet foncier)为未登记的私人土地颁发(2022-013 号法)Land certificate (certificat foncier): issued by the commune's land desk for untitled private land (Law 2022-013)

签约前核查清单Checklist before signing

  • 向土地局申请最新的土地法律状况证明(CSJ),查看抵押、查封和异议;在 EDBM 办理费用为 4 000 ArGet a fresh land legal-status certificate (CSJ) from the land office, showing mortgages, seizures and objections; 4,000 Ar at EDBM
  • 请测绘局(Service Topographique)核对地块图和界桩Have the survey office (Service Topographique) check the plan and boundary markers
  • 核实卖方或出租方身份与产权证上的所有人一致Check that the seller or lessor is the person named on the title
  • 家族或继承土地:须有继承判决和全部继承人同意Family or inherited land: get the succession judgment and every heir's consent
  • 确认地块不属于国有土地;土证地块须与市镇土地地图(PLOF)核对Confirm the plot is not state land; check a certificat foncier against the commune's land map (PLOF)
  • 聘请独立律师或公证人;合同写明真实价格;核实之前不付定金Use an independent lawyer or notary; write the real price in the deed; pay no deposit before checking
  • 签约后到税务部门登记租约Register the lease with the tax office after signing
登记税Registration duty税率Rate
商业或办公租约Commercial or office lease租期总租金的 2%2% of total rent over the term
住房租约Housing lease租期总租金的 1%1% of total rent over the term
长期租赁Long lease每 5 年按 5 年租金缴纳,或一次性缴纳Every 5 years on 5 years of rent, or once for the whole term
房地产买卖(马达加斯加公司)Property sale (Malagasy company)5%(按申报价与税务估价孰高)5% (on the higher of price and tax valuation)

来源:《税法典》。250 至 2 500 公顷的土地须经土地部长事先批准,更大面积另有程序。Source: tax code. Land of 250–2,500 ha needs the land minister's prior approval; larger areas follow a separate procedure.

参考价格(MOFCOM 2025 年指南):土地约 80–350 美元/平方米;工业厂房 10–27 美元/平方米/月;办公室 10–30 美元/平方米/月;公寓 600–1 800 美元/月。Indicative prices (MOFCOM 2025 guide): land about USD 80–350/m²; industrial premises USD 10–27/m²/month; offices USD 10–30/m²/month; apartments USD 600–1,800/month.

法院与合规Law, courts and compliance

法律体系和法院Legal system and courts

  • 大陆法系(法国传统),家庭事务适用习惯法;法律以马达加斯加语和法语公布Civil law (French tradition), customary law in family matters; laws are published in Malagasy and French
  • 一审法院约 39 个;上诉法院 6 个(塔那那利佛、安齐拉纳纳、菲亚纳兰楚阿、图阿马西纳、马哈赞加、图利亚拉);最高法院(含最高上诉法院、行政法院和审计法院);高等宪法法院About 39 first-instance courts; 6 courts of appeal (Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Toamasina, Mahajanga, Toliara); Supreme Court (cassation, administrative and audit courts); High Constitutional Court
  • 诉讼较慢:世界银行 2020 年数据显示合同执行平均 811 天,费用约为标的额的 33.6%Litigation is slow: World Bank 2020 data show 811 days on average to enforce a contract, at about 33.6% of the claim
  • 马达加斯加不是 OHADA(非洲商法协调组织)成员Madagascar is not a member of OHADA

仲裁:更快的选择Arbitration: the faster route

  • 在合同中约定仲裁条款:马达加斯加仲裁调解中心(CAMM,隶属工商会)Put an arbitration clause in contracts: the Madagascar arbitration and mediation centre (CAMM, at the Chamber of Commerce)
  • 马达加斯加 1962 年加入《纽约公约》,外国仲裁裁决经塔那那利佛上诉法院认可后执行Madagascar joined the New York Convention in 1962; foreign awards are enforced after exequatur by the Antananarivo Court of Appeal
  • 1966 年起为解决投资争端国际中心(ICSID)成员;中马双边投资保护协定提供争端解决机制ICSID member since 1966; the China–Madagascar investment treaty provides a dispute mechanism

反腐败和反洗钱Anti-corruption and money laundering

  • 反腐败法 2016-020:独立反腐局 BIANCO 调查,反腐败法庭(PAC)审判;行贿和受贿同样违法Anti-corruption law 2016-020: the BIANCO bureau investigates and anti-corruption courts (PAC) judge; giving and taking bribes are both crimes
  • 反洗钱法 2018-043(2024 年修订),金融情报机构 SAMIFIN;公司须申报实际受益人Anti-money-laundering law 2018-043 (amended 2024), financial intelligence unit SAMIFIN; companies must declare beneficial owners
  • 官方收费请索取收据;遇到索贿可向 BIANCO 举报Ask for a receipt for every official fee; report bribe requests to BIANCO

外汇和海关Foreign exchange and customs

  • 利润、股息和外籍员工工资可通过银行自由汇出(投资法第 7 条);其他资本操作须财政部事先批准Profits, dividends and expatriate salaries can be transferred abroad freely through banks (Investment Law art. 7); other capital operations need Finance Ministry approval
  • 出口收汇须在发货后 90 天内汇回(免税区企业 190 天)Export proceeds must be repatriated within 90 days of shipment (190 days for free-zone companies)
  • 人民币不能与阿里亚里直接结算,通常经美元或欧元The yuan cannot be settled directly against the ariary; trade usually goes through USD or EUR
  • 每批进口货物都须在 GasyNet 办理货物跟踪单(BSC),由出口商创建、进口商确认Every import needs a cargo tracking note (BSC) on GasyNet, created by the exporter and confirmed by the importer

需要特别注意的违法行为Offences to know about

  • 禁止采伐和出口红木、乌木;禁止收购或出口受保护物种:陆龟、变色龙、狐猴、兰花等Rosewood and ebony logging and export are banned; protected species such as tortoises, chameleons, lemurs and orchids may not be bought or exported
  • 毒品犯罪处罚严厉;黄金和宝石只能通过持牌渠道出口Drug offences carry severe penalties; gold and gemstones may only be exported through licensed channels
  • 未持工作签证和劳动许可工作属于违法Working without a worker visa and work permit is illegal
  • 个人数据保护法 2014-038,监管机构 CMIL 已于 2025 年开始运作Personal data law 2014-038; the regulator CMIL has been operating since 2025

律师Lawyers

马达加斯加律师公会:塔那那利佛 Jules Ranaivo 街 3 号司法宫,电话 +261 20 22 350 71。Bar of Madagascar: Palais de Justice, 3 Rue Jules Ranaivo, Antananarivo, tel. +261 20 22 350 71.

在马达加斯加生活Living in Madagascar

航班Flights

目前中国与塔那那利佛之间没有直航(马达加斯加航空正在研究广州航线,目标 2026 年底)。常见经停:埃塞俄比亚航空经亚的斯亚贝巴、肯尼亚航空经内罗毕、阿联酋航空经迪拜、土耳其航空经伊斯坦布尔、毛里求斯航空、留尼汪航空。There is no direct flight between China and Antananarivo yet (Madagascar Airlines is studying a Guangzhou route, target end-2026). Usual connections: Ethiopian via Addis Ababa, Kenya Airways via Nairobi, Emirates via Dubai, Turkish via Istanbul, Air Mauritius, Air Austral via Réunion.

健康Health

建议接种黄热病疫苗(终身有效,使馆材料清单要求)。塔那那利佛以外地区有疟疾风险,请咨询医生预防用药。Get a yellow fever vaccination (valid for life, and on the embassy list). Malaria is present outside Antananarivo; ask a doctor about prevention.

驾照Driving licence

  • 中国未加入 1949 年日内瓦和 1968 年维也纳道路交通公约,中国内地驾照无法办理国际驾照China is not party to the 1949 Geneva or 1968 Vienna road-traffic conventions, so a mainland Chinese licence cannot give an international driving permit
  • 长期居住须办理马达加斯加驾照:持居留卡、中国驾照原件、居住证明和经认证的法语翻译到交通部门申请换领,或在驾校学习并考试Residents need a Malagasy licence: exchange it at the transport authority with the resident card, original Chinese licence, residence certificate and certified French translation, or train and pass the test at a driving school
  • 换领材料和费用以主管部门为准,申请前请向交通部门和中国使馆领事部确认The documents and fees are set by the authority: confirm with the transport authority and the Chinese Embassy consular section before applying
  • 短期访问建议租车并聘请当地司机For short visits, hire a car with a local driver

证件和现金Documents and cash

  • 随身携带护照或居留卡,警察可能查验且不一定接受复印件Carry your passport or resident card; police check IDs and may not accept copies
  • 入住后到所在 Fokontany 办理居住证明;停留超过 3 个月须持居留卡Get a residence certificate from your Fokontany when you move in; stays over 3 months need a resident card
  • 入境时申报所携外币并保留收据;出境携带外币超过 1 000 欧元须出示兑换凭证,以海关最新规定为准Declare foreign currency on arrival and keep the receipt; leaving with more than €1,000 requires proof of exchange (check current customs rules)

紧急电话Emergency numbers

服务Service手机拨打From a mobile
警察 / 急救Police / ambulance117
消防Fire118
中国驻马使馆领事部Chinese Embassy, consular section+261 20 22 408 56
中国驻马使馆领事保护Chinese Embassy, consular protection+261 33 07 881 88
使馆经商处Embassy economic & commercial office+261 20 22 452 28
外交部全球领事保护热线MFA global consular hotline+86 10 12308

中国驻马达加斯加大使馆位于塔那那利佛 Nanisana 区。来源:英国外交部旅行建议、MOFCOM 2025 年指南。The Chinese Embassy is in Nanisana, Antananarivo. Sources: UK FCDO travel advice, MOFCOM 2025 guide.

华人商会Chinese business associations

  • 马达加斯加中资企业协会(2004 年成立,40 余家会员):aecmada.orgAssociation of Chinese-funded Enterprises in Madagascar (founded 2004, 40+ members): aecmada.org
  • 马达加斯加华商总会:madhszh.comChinese Business Chamber of Madagascar: madhszh.com

商家推荐Local directory

为中国投资者推荐的当地服务。商家合作信息由各商家提供。Local services for Chinese investors. Listings are provided by the businesses themselves.

酒店与住房Hotels and housing

酒店、酒店式公寓、长租住房Hotels, serviced apartments, long-term rentals

在此刊登广告Advertise here

您的酒店、餐厅或公司希望接触来马达加斯加的中国投资者?欢迎联系我们了解广告位和价格。Want your hotel, restaurant or company in front of Chinese investors coming to Madagascar? Contact us for placements and rates.

餐厅与超市Restaurants and groceries

中餐厅、当地餐厅、中国商品超市Chinese and local restaurants, shops with Chinese products

在此刊登广告Advertise here

您的酒店、餐厅或公司希望接触来马达加斯加的中国投资者?欢迎联系我们了解广告位和价格。Want your hotel, restaurant or company in front of Chinese investors coming to Madagascar? Contact us for placements and rates.

商务服务Business services

律师、会计师、公证人、翻译、银行Lawyers, accountants, notaries, translators, banks

在此刊登广告Advertise here

您的酒店、餐厅或公司希望接触来马达加斯加的中国投资者?欢迎联系我们了解广告位和价格。Want your hotel, restaurant or company in front of Chinese investors coming to Madagascar? Contact us for placements and rates.

交通与物流Transport and logistics

带司机租车、货运代理、报关行Car hire with driver, freight forwarders, customs brokers

在此刊登广告Advertise here

您的酒店、餐厅或公司希望接触来马达加斯加的中国投资者?欢迎联系我们了解广告位和价格。Want your hotel, restaurant or company in front of Chinese investors coming to Madagascar? Contact us for placements and rates.

Innovmada 如何协助您How Innovmada helps

Innovmada 是一家总部位于塔那那利佛的马达加斯加科技和贸易公司,在塔那那利佛、图阿马西纳和菲亚纳兰楚阿设有团队。我们陪同投资者从第一次考察到取得居留卡。Innovmada is a Malagasy technology and trading company based in Antananarivo, with teams in Antananarivo, Toamasina and Fianarantsoa. We accompany investors from the first visit to the resident card.

我们的服务Our services

  • 机场接机、酒店和翻译(中文 / 法语 / 马达加斯加语)Airport pickup, hotel and interpreting (Chinese / French / Malagasy)
  • 市场考察行程和当地合作伙伴对接Market visit programme and introductions to local partners
  • 在 EDBM 注册公司的全程陪同和文件准备Company registration at EDBM: document preparation and accompaniment
  • 签证延期、可转换签证材料、投资者签证和居留卡跟进Visa extension, transformable-visa file, investor visa and resident card follow-up
  • 银行开户、办公室、仓库和住房寻找Bank account opening, office, warehouse and housing search
  • 收银系统、IT 和太阳能设备:Innovmada 本地产品POS, IT and solar equipment: Innovmada's own local products

联系我们Contact us

WeChat QR code: Innovmada 扫码添加微信Scan to add on WeChat 微信WeChat ID innovmada
在微信中打开Open in WeChat
WhatsApp QR code: +261 38 84 134 00 扫码发送 WhatsAppScan to message on WhatsApp +261 38 84 134 00
打开 WhatsAppOpen WhatsApp
电话Phone
+261 34 63 034 03
地址Office
马达加斯加 塔那那利佛Antananarivo, Madagascar